Door operating device



June 8, 1943. K Q ETSEL TAL 2,321,286

- DOOR OPERATING :DEVICE Original Fled July 26, 1934 5 Sheets-Sheet 1CTL 1L BY JOHN' CHE/.57' /VSE/V A TTORNEYS.

June 8, 1943. K. G. ETsEL ETAL 2,321,235

DOOR OPERATING DEVICE l Crginal Filed July 26, 1934 5 Sheets-Sheei'l 2 ATTORNEYS.

June 8, 1943. K. G. ETsEL ET AL DOOR OPERATING DEVICE Crginal Filed July26, 1954 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 June s, 1943. K, G, ETSEL -ML 2,321,286

DOOR OPERATING DEVICE 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 Criginal Filed July 26, 1934 June8,1943. K. GjETSEI. Em 2,321,286

DOOR OPERATING DEVICE Original Filed July 26, 1934 5 Sheets-Sheet 5` Y"Illl TIG. 20

INVENTOR; lfm/r q. 73151.'

ATTORNEY.

Patented June S, 1945?:

UNITED STATES oFFIcE Continuation of application Serial No. 737,000,July 26, 1934. This application October 2, 1939,

Serial No. 297,610

3 Claims.

This invention relates to apparatus for opening doors and has for itsobject to provide a new and improved device of this description. rlvheinvention has as a further object to provide means for opening any kindof doors which may be actuated from a distant point. The invention hasas a further object to provide a door Opening device by means of whichthe door may be opened from a distant point or opened by means of thenormal door opening mechanism, the opening apparatus controlled from adistant point not interfering With the normal manual opening means. Theinvention has as a further object to provide a door opening device whichmay be used for any door and which is particularly adapted for the doorsof automobiles and permits the door to be opened by the driver withoutlthe necessity of touching the door or the handle thereof.

The invention has as a further object to yprovide a door openingapparatus which may be actuated from any suitable point at a distancefrom the door and which will unlock the door When so actuated and causethe door to swing open. The invention has as a further object to providesuch a door opening device which is brought into operative conditionWhenever the door is closed. The invention has as 'a further object toprovide a door opening mechanism which in no manner interferes with thenormal manual operation of f the door from either a closed or openposition. The invention ha-s as a further object to provide a dooropening mechanism which is selective and which does not depend onsequence, as it can be made to cause the door to open if closed, or toclose if opened, Whether the previous cycle has been operated throughmanual or mechanical means. The invention has further objects which aremore particularly pointed out in the accompanying description.

Referring now to the drawings, wherein for purposes of illustration wehave shown one form of mechanism applied to an automobile door, Fig. 1is a side view of an automobile having One form of the apparatus appliedthereto;

Fig. 2 is a perspective view showing the instrument board and associatedparts of the automobile;

Fig, 3 is a view showing the mechanism at the door;

Fig. 4 is a sectional View taken on line li--l of Fig. 3;

Fig. 5 is a sectional view taken on line 5 5 of Fig. 3;

(o1. zoe-"3) Fig. 6 is a view showing the electric circuits for one formof the device;

Fig. 7 is a view showing the door in its closed position, with partsbroken away;

Fig'. 8 is a View showing a modified construction;

Fig. 9 is 'a sectional View taken on line 9 9 of Fig. 8;

Fig. 1G is a sectional view taken on line ID-l of Fig. 8;

Fig, 11 is a view showing the door in its closed position, with partsbroken away;

Fig. 12 is a view of an automobile body, with parts broken away, showingthe interior thereof with one form of mechanism in position;

Fig, 13 is a front elevation of a portion of the operating mechanismincluding the motor;

Fig. 14 is a view showing an ordinary lock adapted for the operatingcable 'of the device;

Fig. 15 is a sectional view taken on line lli-'45 of Fig. 17;

Fig. 16 is a sectional view taken cn lineY 15e-l5 of Fig. 17;

Fig. 17 is a top View of the mechanism showing the motor and associatedparts;

Fig. 18 isa sectional view taken on im@ l s a a of Fig. 17;

Fig. 19 is a sectional View taken on line lS-'IQ of Fig. 17;

Fig. 20 shows a similar control circuit which may be used in connectionwith the apparatus.

Like numerals refer to like parts throughout the several gures.

This is a continuing application of the applicants copendingorigi'nalapplication Serial No. 737,000, led July 2G, 1934.

For purposes of illustration, we have shown the device in connectionwith an automobile door, but it is of course evident that it may be usedwith any other door. Generally speaking, the device consists ofmechanism which may be operated by a motor and which may be controlledfrom a point distant from the door, as by any switch device which may beoperated by hand or through the agency of push buttons, levers, or byfoot pedals, or by any other suitable means. When the device is operatedfrom this distant point, the bolt of the door is moved to unlock it andthe door is thrown open by means of a suitable spring properly arrangedfor this purpose'.

Referring now tc `the particular mechanism illustrated, which shows oneform of the device,-

there is provided a motor I, see Figs. 13, 16, 1.7, 1S and 19,preferably with al .Worm `drive and train of gears '2, and driving mainshaft 3, having a ratchet 4 keyed to it and arranged to drive the drumI5, see Fig. 19, through a pawl 5 mounted on said drum in acounter-clockwise direction, but unable to rotate said drum in aclockwise direction. A connecting rod 'I has its lower end pivoted on astud mounted on the face of the drum B, and has its upper end, which isslotted, pivoted on astud mounted on the face of the bell crank 8 andplaced in such a position that a complete revolution of the drum 5 willcause the bell crank 8 to transcribe an arc, whose limits conform withthe sides of an angle having its apex at the center of the rocker shaft9.

The rocker shaft 9 is made of two sections, vdetails of which are shownin Fig. 18, which is a sectional view through line I 8-I8 of Fig. 17,the anterior section having an enlarged portion bored out to accommodatean extension ofthe posterior section which is carried through thebearing I8 to provide support, thereby eliminating any binding betweenthe two sections, other than friction.

The rocker shaft 9 has mounted upon it the following members, readingfrom front to rear, a governor damper worm gear II, a spring drum I2,the bell crank 8, a gear housing I4, a spur gear I5, a second spur gearI6, a cable sheave I 1, and a cam operated arm I 8, The members I I, I2,8 and I5 are torsionally connected to the anterior section of the rockershaft 9. The members I6 and I8 are torsionally connected to theposterior section of the rocker shaft 9. The members I4 and I'I are freeto rotate.

The gear housing I4 carries a shaft I9 parallel to rocker shaft 8 andextending through bearings in the side walls of the gear housing I4. Acable drum and a wide pinion gear 2| are keyed to this shaft I9. Thepinion gear 2| meshes with'the spur gear I6 and with the intermediategear 22, which in turn is meshed with the spur gear I5. The intermediategear 22 rotates on the stud 23, which extends inwardly from one of theside walls of the gear housing I4.

When the motor I is caused to operate in suc-h a direction as to rotatethe drum 5 in a counterclockwise direction, it will transmit duringonehalf revolution, a rotary movement to the anterior section of therocker shaft 9, through the connecting rod 'I and bell crank 8, suchrotary motion being only a part of a revolution. This counter-clockwisepartial rotation is imparted to the spur gear I5, as well as to theother members keyed to this part of the rocker shaft 9, and causes theintermediate gear 22 to drive the pinion gear 2| and cable drum-28 in acounterclockwise direction. One end of the pinion gear 2| being in meshwith the spur gear I6, a counterclockwise rotation of said pinion gearwill cause it to move itself around the gear I6 in a counterclockwisedirection, rotating the gear housing I4 with it. The extent of thisrotation is determined by the radius of the circle scribed by the studon the drum 5, the radius of the arc scribed by the stud on the bellcrank 8 and the ratio of the spur gear I5 to spur gear I6.

A cable 24 is weaved through a groove in the sheave I'I lupward on itsright side and following l its circumference around the top and leadingoff to the left to the cable drum 28 to which it is an chored in suchaway as to cause said cable to wind up on the upper periphery of saiddrum when it is being rotated in a counter-clockwise direction. 'I'hisis shown in detail in Fig. 16. which is a'sectional view through lineIB-Ii of Fig. 17. The rotary movement of the gear housactress ing I4 asa whole around the rocker shaft 9 causes the cable 24 to be pulledaround the sheave I'I, in addition to the amount wound up on the drum 2as it rotates on its own axis, and it is the sum of these two movementsthat constitutes the distance traveled by the cable 24. The amount oftravel is determined by the size of the cable drum 29, as well as theentire ratio between drum 6 and cable drum 28. It is the travel of cable24 that is utilized to unlatch the lock on the door, and the cable isconducted to lock through sheaves mounted on the door closing connectingrods, slides, levers, etc., in such a manner as to maintain the samerelative position of the lock bolt to cable drum 28, whether the door isopen, closed, or in any intermediate position.

A plate 35 is pivoted at 3l to an anchorage 38 fastened to a main stud39, and is held against the end wall of a gear housing I4 by tension ofthe spring 49. When the gear housing I4 r0- tates in a counter-clockwisedirection around the rocker shaft 9 and reaches the limit of itsmovement, it engages with a notch 4I on a plate 35, which prevents thegear housing I4 from rotating in a clockwise direction under action 0fthe spring I3 which was placed under tensile strain as it wound aroundthe drum I2 during rotation of the rocker shaft 9. The tension of springI3, which is clockwise in direction, is free to act on rocker shaft 9 assoon as stud on drum 5 has passed dead center by virtue of the pawl 6overriding the ratchet 4. As gear housing I4 is prevented from turningin a clockwise direction by notch 4I, the only possible escape forenergy stored up in spring I3 is to drive the spur gear I5 in aclockwise direction, the intermediate gear 22 in a counter-clockwisedirection, the cable drum pinion gear 2| in a clockwise direction, andthe spur gear I6 in a counter-clockwise direction. As the gear I 6 andthe cam arm I8 are both keyed to the posterior section of the rockershaft 9, the outer end of cam arm I8 will move through an arc in thesame direction that gear I6 rotates, and as the outer end of this arm iscoupled to the movement of the door through a system of slides, arms,toggles, orv other means. it can thus be seen that the torque of springI3 is expended in opening the door. An additional force stored up in thespring or springs of lock and/or lock actuating unit is utilized throughtension placed on the cable 24, which produces a torque on the cabledrum 29 in the same direction as that of spring I3. The bolt of thelatch or lock is adjusted to clear the striking-plate just before thestud on drum 6 reaches dead center, but the torque of spring I3 is notavailable for opening the door until after this stud has passed deadcenter. During this interval, which is of short duration, the door couldbe pushed open by hand, wind or gravity, and should that occur, the gearhousing I4 would be rotated a considerable distance beyond the notch 4Ion plate 36, but as soon as the stud on drum 5 had passed dead center,the spring I3 would violently snap it 4back against the notch 4I.

To provide for a gradual dissipation of energy in such a case, thedamper governor 44, shown in Fig. 15, which is a front view of area I5I5of Fig. 17, is placed so that the wormshaft 45 is in mesh with the wormgear I I. The governor consists of the worm shaft 45, supporting acollar 45 to which are fastened, one end each, three flat springs 41having weighted brake shoes 48 attached to the free ends and suspendedinposition to bear against the internal circumference of the brake drum45. If va condition arises where the energy of spring |3 cannot beutilized to open the door, the suddenclockwise rotation of the rockerlshaft will develop a very rapid rotation of the governor M, which bycentrifugal force will expand the weighted brake shoes 4S forciblyagainst the' interior surface of brake drum 45, producing a vdampingactionv on the expenditure of energy stored in spring lf3V and cable 24.The worm gear ratio and weights of brake shoes are so proportioned thatnormal rotation of the rocker shaft 3 is not retarded. An arm 55 ispivoted to a bracket supported to the framework inksuch a position-thata pin 5| is held in contact with the periphery of the drum 5 by actionof the tension 'spring 52. The drum 5 has a slot in such relationship asto become adjacent to pin 5i a few degrees after the stud on the drum 5has passed dead center, which allows the pin 5i to drop into this slot.This slot is carried around for a sufficient distance to allow the studto reach back center, at which point the pin 5| will be adjacent to andwill enter a deeper depression at the end of 'the slot. This constitutesa friction stop to hinder any unwarranted rotation of the drum 5.

A pair of contacts 53 connected in the control circuit of a motorcontactor 55 are mounted in relation to an arm 5| so that the circuit isclosed when the pin 5| is riding the outer periphery of drum 5, but isopen when the pin 5| is riding in the slot, or has entered the deeperdepression at the end of the slot in the drum 5. This acts as a limitswitch to stop the motor after the opening cycle has been completed. Theslot in the upper end of the connecting rod 'l allows the drum 5 tocomplete its operation, regardless of whether the door immediately opensor not.

When conditions do not permit the cable to be vconducted to the lock onthe door, such as when a solid metal door is to'be handled, in whichcase' it might be diflicult to conceal the cable, and where dead boltlocks are used, or where, for any other reason, it is undesirable tobring the cable to the lock on the door, then a device installed in thedoor jamb is employed to perform the operation of unlocking the door.13e-- tails of this device are shown in Figs. 3, 4 and 5 and areessentially a steel wedge 25, running in guides (not shown), having aspring 26 norrnalhT holding the wedge against a stop on guides so thatthe small end oi the wedge is between the back rollers 2'! and theroller 28 of thrust member When cable 2e is caused to travel, the wedge25 is moved in such a direction as to exert a force between rollers Eland roller 25. whichV causes the thrust member 25 tomove out throughslots in striking plate 3i) to the extent shown by the dotted outline in5, which is a sectional view through 5--5- of Fig. 3. The thrust memberis shown adapted for automobile usage where the striking plate usuallyhas a second catch 3| and the thrust member has sufiicient power toforce back the bolt against the tension of the stiff springs encounteredin certain types of automobile locks. The thrust member in this case hasan additional extension 32 which allows the door bolt to ride over thesecond eatch'3i without engaging withV it. For ordinary door latches thethrust membc E9 has only one extension.

. For latches which have separate sections of the bolt arranged to rideon the face of the striking plate, allowing only the center portion ofthe bolt to enter the recess in the striking plate for the purpose ofaccomplishingk a dea-d bolt effect, the shank ofthe thrust member 29 isprovided with cams at the top and bottom and the striking plate hasslides at the top and bottom of its recess and are held against theshank of the thrust member by springs, and are capable ofr being forcedupward and downward respectively by the action of the cams on the thrustmember. These slides engage with the cams outside of the area of therecess in the `striking plate so that there will be no interference withthe bolt of the latch; The rst movement outward of the thrust membermoves the slides upward and.

downward, thereby enlarging the recess in the striking plate a sufcientamount to let the separate sections of the bolt enter the recess, whichaction automatically relieves the latch of its dead bolt effect andpermits the thrust member, which now contacts the bolt of the latch, toforce it out of the recess in the striking plate, thus unlocking thedoor.

For dead bolt locks, the steel wedge 25 is replaced with a rectangularsteel member running in guides and provided with a spring 26 thatnormally holds it against `a stop on guides. The face of this vsteelmember is recessed to accommodate the bolt of the lock, and this recessis extended upward an equal distance above the bolt of the lock. Theside of this steel member adjacent to the top portion of its recess, i'sslotted out in the direction that the door is arranged to swing, so thatwhen this steel member has been pulled downward a distance suicient toalign the slot in its side with the bolt of the lock, then the bolt isfree to move through this slot as the door swings open. The steelsliding member is .ar-- ranged to be held in this position by a catchuntil the bolt of the .lock again enters the slot,

at which time the catch is released, allowing the spring 25 to returnthe steel member to its normal position.

- Another adaptation combining the principles of the wedge type andthose of the dead bolt arrangement is shown in Fig. 8, with Figs. 9 andl0 as sectional views. In this case the steel slide member carries thestriking plate 39, which `rides in a slot of the mounting plate, so thatwhen the steel `member has been pulled downward, as shown by the dottedlines, then the striking plate has been moved downward a 'suicientdistance to disengage with the bolt of the latch, and the door is freeto swing open. The steel sliding member would ordinarily be returnedk toits riormal position by a spring, although the drawings f showiacablepattached at the top. The purpose of this cable will be describedlater. Fig. l5 shows the striking plate 3) as4 ofthe double catch type,but the ,arrangement is equally eflicient when used with a strikingplate recessed and slotted in a similar way to that described for usewith dead bolt locks.

Fig. 14 isa View of an ordinary lock used on an,

automobile door, showing anadaptation for operation by the cable 24. Alever 33 is attached to the lock in such a way as to pivot on the studt@ and is held in normal position by the spring 35. This lever makescontact with alugr 36 extending fromlthe bolt 31,' and when the cable 24is made to T5 The foregoing is mainly a description of the parts andmethods employed to unlock a door, although referencehas been made tosome parts that function in both the unlocking and locking cycles. 1

Al cam 55, free to rotate onthe main shaft 3, has a pawl 56 supported inposition to "engage with a ratchet 51 which is keyed to the main shaft3, and able to rotate cam 55 in a clockwiseY direction, but not in acounter-clockwise direction. This is shown in Figs. 16 and 17. Asectional view of Fig. 1'1 through line I9I8 is shown by Fig. 19. Aroller 58 is mounted on a stud extending from the face of the cam arm I8in alignment with the cam 55. The outer end of the cam arm I 8 has aconnection through some system of levers, toggles, cables, or othermeans, with the door, one adaptation of which is shown in Figs. l2, 13,16 and 1'1. This isa developmenth for use with hinged doors,particularly automobile doors. It will be seen that when the cam arm I8is caused to move in an arc around its axis in a counter-clockwisedirection, it will impart a right hand horizontal motion to slide thecarriage 59 through a connecting rod 68. Likewise, a left hand motionwill be set up in the slide carriage 58 when the cam arm I8 transcribesa clockwise arc. This horizontal movement is transmitted to the door BIthrough the connecting rod S2 and door bracket B3. The connecting rod 62is pivoted at both ends and can thus follow the arc transcribed by thebracket 63 as it swings with the door 6I. A trigger 54 pivoted to thecam arm I8 and having a shoulder 85 that acts as a stop to limit thedownward movement of a trigger 65 in relation to the cam` arm I8, andheld in Vthis position by tension spring SS, is so adjusted as to comein Contact with the plate 36, but spring 86 allows trigger S4 tooverride the plate 35, while cam arm I8 is moving in a direction thatwill cause the door to open, or with the door as it opens, :but anymovement of the cam arm I8 in an opposite direction would create atoggle action through the trigger 54 against plate 36a, forcing thenotch 4I to disengage with the gear housing I4, allowing the gearhousing assembly to move with the rocker shaft S as it returns to itsnormal position when the door is being closed.

If the door is in an open position, the roller 58 has landed against thecam, 55 at its smallest radius v51. Thus, when the motor I is caused tooperate in a direction that will rotate the main shaft 3 in a clockwisedirection, the ratchet 51 will engage with pawl 56, forcing cam 55 tointerpose its body continuously increasing radii between its axis androller 58, compelling cam arm I 8 to swing in a clockwise arc, impartinga movement to the system of coupling to the door of such direction andmagnitude as to drive the door shut.

A pin 88 free to slide longitudinally in a hole bored through the bedplate 69, has the nose rounded and is capable of entering a depression18 in .the hub of the cam 55 when such depression is adjacent to pin 68.The depression 18 is shaped with a straight side parallel to the axis ofthe pin 68, and having the other' side sloped so that after the pin 88has entered the depression 18, then the cam 55 would be prevented fromrotating in a counter-clockwise direction, due to the fact that thestraight side of the depression bears against the side of the pin 68,but a clockwise rotation of cam 55 is possible, as the sloping side ofthe depression 10 will cause the rounded nose of pin B8 to ride out ofthe depression by forcing the pin B8 to move in opposition to the spring1 I.

A pair of contacts 12 connected in the control circuit of the motorcontactor 54 are mounted in such relation to the pin 68 that the circuitis closed when the pin 68 is riding on the straight part of the end ofthe hub of cam 55, but is open when pin 68 has entered the depression18. This acts as a limit switch to stop the motor I after that part ofthe cam 55 having the greatest radius has cleared the roller 58. Thisclearance is suf- Iicient to allow free movement of the cam arm I8without interference from cam 55. Where desirable, the mechanism can bearranged to unlock the door and then drive the door open, as well asbeing capable of driving the door closed. 'I'his is accomplished by theaddition of a second cam having only a portion of its body constructedwith increasing radii so as to allow the unlocking cycle to functionbefore this second cam engages with roller 58, which would be wideenough to accommodate beth the opening and closing cams. Also wheredesirable, the mechanism can be arranged to unlock the door and thendrive the door open and to hold the door open until the control circuitis made to trip a catch, which allows the door to close by springaction. This catch may be a separate unit, or the cam r55 may beprovided with a second set of contacts that would stop the motor Ibefore the cam 55 clears roller 58, thus holding the door open. 'I'hedoor would be released by causing the cam 55 to rotate a sufcientdistance to clear roller 58, at which point the control circuit would beopened by the contacts 12. In'this case, the device is not fullyselective as the door cannot be closed manually, but it is selective inthat it can be opened and closed either manually or mechanically.

A suitable cushion is provided to absorb the inertia of the door as itnears the end of travel, especially where actuated by springs, but inany case where conditions warrant. These cushions may be of rubber, orwhere necessary, an air or oil door check may be used. Such a check maybe built into the mechanism as an integral part, or may be attached tothe door as a separate unit. Where one movement of the door is actuatedby springs, the speed of this movement can be controlled by the use of adamper governor similar to that shown in Fig. 15.

A fundamental circuit is shown in Fig. 20. A special reversingcontactor, consisting of coils 13 and 14, each provided with singlepole, double throw contacts 15 and 16 respectively, is shown connectedin such a way as to be capable of operating a series motor in eitherdirection. Split phase, single phase, and two or three phase motors canbe controlled by providing double pole, double throw contacts at 15 and16. The control circuit consists of the coils 13 and 14, the open andclose buttons 11 and 18, the limit switch contacts 55 and 12, and thekey switch 19.

For use on an automobile, one end of the cir'- cuit is shown grounded tothe chassis at 88, and the other end of the circuit 8l is connected tothe car battery. In this case, a link 82 bridges two terminals 83 and 84located in an accessible place, which provides a means of isolating thecircuit by removing the link 82, but of more importance, it provides aplace for connecting an outside battery in case the car battery hasbecome discharged while standing with the door locked, in which case itwould not be possible to unlock the door by use of the key switch 19,and for this reason, it has been made possible to connect 'an outsidesource of electrical energy between the terminal 83 and some groundedpart of the automobile. The possibility of requiring such aid, however,is very remote. When the .button 11 is closed, or when the key switchhas been lturned so that its left hand contacts are closed, a circuithas been completed from one side of the line, or of the battery throughAlead 8|, button 11 or contacts of key switch 19, coil 13' to the otherside of line 8G, or to the battery through ground on the chassis, as thecase may be. The coil 13 on being energized will attract its armaturewhich moves the contacts 15 so as to open lthe normally closed and closethe normally open contacts, thus completing a circuit of such relativedirection through its field and armature in the case of a series motor,or of such relative instantaneous direction through two of its Iwindingsin the case of split, two or three phase motors, as to cause the motorto operate the mechanism in a direction suitable for opening a door.

The button l? or key switch l may be returned to normal as soon as thedrum 6 has rotated a distance suicient to have closed the contacts 53,which maintain the circuit through coil 13 until the drum has rotated adistance suici'e'nt to have opened the contacts 53, at which time themotor will stop. A similar procedure vwith button 'i3 cr the right handcontacts of key switch 19 will energize coil 14 which will move contactsso as to cperatethe motor in a direction suitable for the mechanism toclose a door. The limit switch 12 is used in this case.

The control circuit shown as part of the circuit of Fig. 20 is Ver-ysimple and requires the buttons 11 or 18 or the contacts of key switch19 to be held closed until the limit switches E3 or 12 have been closed,and it further requires these contacts to be opened before thecompletion of the cycle of operation the mechanism is engaged with. Ifthese starting contacts are not opened, the mechanism will continue tooperate repeatedly, which of course will do no harm, other than to useelectricity and allow a certain amount of wear to the mechanism. Whilethese faults are not intolerable, nevertheless a more elaborate systemis applicable when desired.

To provide means of unlocking and opening, or partly opening, a door,particularly a hinged door and especially a door of an automobile, adevice and circuit shown schematically in Fig. 6 is used. This isintended to operate any of the door jamb units shown in Figs. 3, 45, 8and 10 and described in preceding paragraphs. The drive consists of aseries motor l having a eld 85 and an armature, a train of gears 81 anda cabledr-um S8. A cable 89 is conducted around one or more sheaves, onebeing shown at 90, to a sliding member or wedge 25, and in the case ofan automobile, both the drive mechanism and cable are installed so as tobe accessible only from the interior of the car. In some instances, aswith certain types of automobile sedan bodies, the door jamb between thefront and rear door is not deep enough to accommodate a unit like thatshown in Fig. 3, and in such casea unit like that shown in Fig. 3 wouldbe used. The spring 26 would be replaced by the cable 9i shown attachedto the top of the slide member in Fig. 9, which would be conductedaround sheaves to a second cable drum 92. The cable drum 88 would windup cable S9, while cable drum 92 would pay out- Vcable Si, and viceversa. If desired, the double cable system may be used with any of the Ithe catch, and. this contact would energize the motor for returning the4slide member. to its lockedr position after the boltgo'f` the lockhadreentered the slot and closed the' contact.

The circuit, Fig. 6, employs. a button operated switch 93 and a keyoperatedswitch 94.' These switches are essentially double pole, doublethrowl switches, made up of flat springs similar to telephoneconstruction. The movable springs normally make contact with two' of thestationary contacts, but are capable of being moved away from these andagainst the other two stationary contacts. Tov follow telephonepractice, .these switches Ycould be describedI as having twoi break andtwo make contacts. The switch lid-isoprated through the mediumofacylinderrlock which may be installed, conveniently: for use, outsidethe enclosure'to: which the door givesjaccess. There isV a key for thislock and an electriocircuit connected` with the locky so that thecircuit is completed by placing a key in thelock. rIwo cams are mountedon the shaft thatl ,carries the cable drum 88 or the lcable drums 88and192. Thes'ecai'nsoperate limit switches 95 and 96j, and areadjustable and can be set vfor proper cable travel. When either-of theVswitches 93A or 94 are operated, a circuit iscompleted kfromxone sideofv line or batteryl 91 through the contacts .of switch S3 or thecontacts of switches- Q-,and 9 3, armature of motor p*, limit Switch 95and i'ield` of motor 85; to other side'ofv lineg9,8; or battery. viagroundon theichassis; in the V case-ofv ain, automobile'. .The cur-rentthat owsthgrou'gh the rnctor will beof 4such relative directionthrough-itsarm'ature and eld; as-,to causefitto. drive,y the mechanismin a ldirection V that wiltunlock the door. The switch; 93er 94,asthegcase may' be, must be held until the cams-have rotated; a distancesuflilcient to have opened -thejl;imi-t switch 95 and` closed the limitswitch 8,53 at which time;

the motor will stopand the door willzgopenor partly open. When theswitch thathadbeen usedv tov unlock the door is released,` ancircuit isVcompleted in:I asimilar way as: before, but through the armature B. inarr` opposite direction,,and through limit switch 96` instead vofthroughlimit switch 95. rlflfie motor will stop automatically when thecamsfhaye rotated a distance ksuilcient to have opened the limi-t,switch Q6 and closedy the limit switch 9,5, at which time the slidemember or wedge 2 5 has returned to normal. w It will be noted thatwhile thernotor is operating in one direction through onev o -fthe-limit'switohes, the other limi-t switchy is preparingua circuit foroperating the motor inv tliefopposite direction.

Where it is only desired to have the doorl open partly so as to clear.the lock to prevent the door from being locked againv when the switch 93ordini is released, then a spring 99 set iny the back of the door, asshown in Figs. 1 and All, is usedto-open the door .part way as soon asit isv unlocked. Where it isv desired to completely open the door, thena spring door check is coupledto! the door by some systemoi toggles, orby other means, y so thatthe springer thev door check will operi thedoor and the 'end4 oi travel will. be cushioned' by the air or oilescapement of the door check'.

The unlocking, opening and closing operations may be describedv asfollows; 4Refsrri'rig'-fFigs- 18 and 19,' shaft 3'- can-fbe caused to'rotate' in either directionby means of: the control' circuit', motor,drive, gears and gears 2'. The" drinnv Ev will cause the drum 6 torotate, but when the shaft 3 rotates in the other direction, the pawl 56will cause the cam 55 to rotate. The cam 55 is prevented .from turningin the wrong direction by the pin 68. The drum16 is hindered from ro-'eating by the action ofthe spring I3, which through the bell crank 8and connecting rod '1, will Vtend to hold the stud on the drum 6 in itsbackcen'terl position and the action of the pin 5I which enters adepression in the drum 6.

*Figs v18 and 19 show the normal position of the drum 6, the connectingrod 'I and the entire rocker' shaft assembly.. When the mechanism forunlocking'and opening the door is set in operation, the following actiontakes place. The main shaft 3 rotates in such a direction that theratchet 4Uwill engage the pawl 5 and turn the drum 6, but the cam 55remains stationary. It will be seen that one-half of a revolution ofdrum 6 will, through the connecting rod 'I, impart a rotary motion tothe bell crank 8 and the anterior section or rocker shaft 9. 'I'his isthe section having the following members keyed to it, the dampergovernor gear II, the spring drum I2, the bell crank 8 and the gear I5.During this rotary motion of the anterior section of the rocker shaft 9,the spring I3 would wind up on drum I2. Fig. 13 shows 'the position ofthe gear housing I4 after about one-fourth of a. revolution of drum 6.

Considering Fig. 18 from a front view of the mechanism, it will be seenthat when the gear I5 turns in a counterclockwise direction, it will'drive theintermediate gear 22 clockwise, the pinion 2|'counter-clockwise, and would try to rotate the gear I6 in a clockwisedirectiombut the gear I6 cannot rotate any further in this direction asthe dooris closed and the cam arm I8 is in the position shown in Fig.16. As the gear I6 cannot turn, but only tends to close the doortighter, the onlyr alternative is for the pinion 2I to rack itselfaround the gear I6 in a direction opposite to that in' which it tried torotate gear I6; in other words, it would cause the gear housing I4 torotate on Vits axis (shaft 9) in a counterclockwise direction. By thetime the stud on the drum 6 had reached the opposite side of its travelaround the center of the shaft 3, the gear housing I4'wou1d have reachedthe position shown in Fig. 16. During this motion the cable 24 had beenwinding up on drum 20 as well as being drawn further around sheave I'I,see Fig. 16, and the ratio of the several parts involved has been socalculated as to provide the proper amount of travel in cable 24 tounlock the lock. This completes the unlocking cycle. Up to the time thatthe stud on the drum 6 had reached, but not passed, dead center, thetorque on gear I6 had been clockwise, but the moment that the stud ondrum 6 passes dead center, the spring I3 and the strain on cable 24 Willbe freed of the power applied to them through the connecting rod 1, andthis power stored m the spring ls and the came 24, is immediatelyavailable, without retardation from' drum 6,. for driving the gear I5 inan opposite direction. The drum 6 oiers no opposition other thanfrictlon,

gagnes for` the pawl 5 can override ratchet 4 as the drum 6followstheconnecting rod I and the bell crank 8 back to normal. lAs thetorque on the gear I5 is now of opposite value, .then it must followthat the entire actionof the gear housing assembly will be opposite.Butthe'notch" 4I on the plate 35 has blocked the gear housing I4 fromreturning tonormal and so, by differential action, the onlyalternativeis to drive the gear I6 in -an opposite direction to thatofthe torque placed on it before. This beingA counter-clockwise indirection, it will be seen by referring to Figs. Y18 and V16; that thecam arm I8 will-be urgedto swing its lower end to the right, opening thedoor. The motor is stopped at the proper time by the limitswitch. Duringthe outward swing of the door, the drum 20 had been paying out cable andthe bell crank 8. had been returning to normal, and by the time that thedoor had completedits opening movement, the lock bolt, or'the lockactuating device, was back to its normal position and the bell crank 8had reached the position shown in Fig. 18, which is as far as theconnecting rod 'I and the drum 6 will allow it to turn, thus removingthe remaining energy of the spring I3 from the gear I5, and transferringthis energy to the connecting rod 1, and serving to hold the drum 6 andthe bell crank 8 in the position shown in Figs. 18 and 19, during theother movements of the mechanism. This completes the door opening cycle.

. The door may now be pushed shut manually, o it may be closedmechanically. Whenwe cause the shaft 3 to rotate in an oppositedirection from that of the unlocking cycle, the ratchet 51 will engagethe pawl 55 and turn cam 55 in a clockwise direction. The roller58 hadlanded against the cam at 61 when the door opened. Referring to Fig. 16it will be seen that a clockwise rotation of the cam 55 will through theroller 58, swing the cam arm I3 which begins to move to the left, thetrigger 64 will by toggle action against the plate 36, release the gearhousing I4 so that it may move back with the cam arm I8. This movementof the gear housing I4 is not of course directly proportional to themovement of the cam .arm I8, but is as the ratio of the gears I5 and I6.By the time that the cam arm I 8 reaches the position shown in Figs. 13and 16, which means that the door is completely closed, the gear housingI4 will have moved to its normal position in which it was before theunlocking cycle, and would be at a point somewhat higher than that shownby 'the dotted outline in Fig. 13, for as explained before, the positionin Fig. 13 is after about a quarter of a turn of the drum 6. The ratioof the gears I5vand I5, the size of the drum 2U, the size of the sheaveI'I and the size and disposition of the several sheaves mounted on thecoupling to the door, have also been so calculated and designed thatwhere the movement of one part will slack off the cable 24, compensationis provided by a proportional movement of another part, so as tomaintain the cable 24 taut in all positions of the door. The motor isstopped at the proper time by the limit switch. The completes theclosing cycle.

We claim:

l. A door operating apparatus comprising a movable bolt mounted upon thedoor, a part adjacent to the door with which said bolt interlocks, abolt moving mechanism for moving said bolt, a door moving mechanism formoving the door, a power device far actuating said bolt moving mechanismand door moving mechanism, means forming a part Vof the connectionbetween theJ power device and said connections, for irst actuating thebolt moving mechanism before the pressure of the door moving mechanismhas been applied to said bolt and after the bolt has been moved tounlocking position for then actuating the door moving mechanism to openthe door, means brought into action for said power device ior storing upenergy during the unlocking movement of the bolt, an apparatus fortransferring said stored up energy to the door to apply opening pressureon it and means for delaying the transfer of said stored up energy tosaid door until the bolt has been moved to its unlocking position.

2. A door operating apparatus comprising a movable bolt, a partconnected with the door with which said bolt interlocks, a bolt movingmechanism for moving said bolt, a power device for actuating said boltmoving mechanism, means brought into action by said power device forstoring up energy during the unlocking movement of the bolt andapparatus for transferring said stored up energy to the door to apply anopening pressure on it, and positively acting means for delaying thetransfer of said stored up energy to said door until the bolt has beenmoved to its unlocking position.

3. A device of the kind described, comprising a door, a lock having amovable bolt, mounted on said door, a part with which said boltinterlocks, a bolt moving mechanism for moving said bolt, a door movingmechanism for moving said door, two separate means for starting saidbolt moving mechanism and door moving mechanism, one on the interior ofthe device with which the door is used, and the other accessible fromthe exterior of said device with which the door is used, and means forapplying a closing pressure to the door during the unlocking cycle, torelieve the bolt of friction due to pressure on the door.

KNUT G. ETSEL. J OHN CHRISTENSEN.

